Particles are used to indicate relations between words, phrases and clauses. They also express the speaker's feelings. This study of particles is divided into four: case particles, modifying particles, connecting particles and sentence particles.
1. Case Particles. These are added to nouns and pronounds.
ga (subject) Ame ga futte imase. (It is raining.)
o (object) Tegami o kakimashita. (I wrote a letter.)
ni (at, in, on) Manila ni sunde imasu. (I live in Manila.)
e (to, toward) Gakkō e ikimasu. (I'm going to the school.)
no (of) Watashi no empitsu desu. (It's my pencil.)
to (and) Sore to kore o kudasai. (Please give me this and that.)
de (by, with) Naifu de kirimashita. (I cut it with a knife.)
kara (from) Uchikara ichijikan kakarimasu. (It takes an hour to go there from my house.)
yori (than) Kore wa are yori yasui desu. (This is cheaper than that.)
ya (and) Tokei ya megane o kaimashita. (I bought a watch, glasses and other things.)
ka (or) Tanaka san ka Yoshida san ni tanomimasu. (I will ask Mr. Takada or Mr. Yoshida to do it.)
2. Modifying Particles. The are used as modifiers.
wa (as for) Watashi wa sushida. (Give me sushi.)
mo (also, too) Biiru mo kudasai. (Please give me some beer, too.)
demo (or something) Ocha demo nomimashio ka? (Shall we have tea or something?)
shika (only) Sen'en shika arimasen. (I only have a thousand yen.)
3. Connecting Particles. These are used to connect phrases and clauses.
ga (but, and) Sumimasen ga, chotto matte kudsaimasen ka? (I am sorry, but would you wait a moment?
kara (because, so) Jikan ga arimasen kara, yomemasen. (I cannot read it because I have no time.)
ke(red)do(mo) (but) Takai keredo, kaimasu. (It is expensive but I will buy it.)
shi (and what's more) Hiroi shi shizuka desu. (It's spacious and quiet.)
-tari (do A and B) Uta o utattari odottari shimashita. (We sand songs and danced.)
-te, -de (used for making the -te form) Mado ga aite imasu. (The window is open.)
-te mo, -de mo (even if) Ame ga futte mo ikimasu. (I will go even if it rains.)
to (when) Yugata ni naru to samuku narimasu. (It becomes cold in the evening - literally, when it becomes evening.)
-nagara (while) Ocha o nominagara hanashimashita. (We talked while having tea.)
node (so) Kuraku natta node shigoto o yamemashita. (It became dark so we stopped working.)
noni (althought) Renshu shita noni umaku dekimasen deshita. (Although I practiced hard, I couldn't do it well.)
4. Sentence Particles. These are adde at the end of a sentence.
ka (question) Hattori san desu ka? (Are you Mr. Hattori?)
ne (agreement) Ii otenki desu ne. (Lovely day, isn't it?)
yo (emphasis) Kamaimasen yo. (That's alright.)
na (monologue) Ii otenki da na. (It's a lovely day.)
tomo (emphasis) Kekkō desu tomo. (That's fine.)
no (question, familiar.) Doko e iku no? (Where are you going?)
KOTD:
湖 (kanji) みずうみ (Reading/Kana) mizuumi (Romaji) Lake (English)
*Still using the original KOTD format since my boyfriend told me that it's better to include Hiragana (Kana).
By the way, as a general rule for this blog we'll have no classes every weekend! Japanese lessons will resume on Monday! But I'm tempted to post "Kanji of the Day" daily via Twitter. Follow me: @lizmoneyweb
By the way, as a general rule for this blog we'll have no classes every weekend! Japanese lessons will resume on Monday! But I'm tempted to post "Kanji of the Day" daily via Twitter. Follow me: @lizmoneyweb
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