Nouns
1. Number - Most nouns are not distinguished as to number. However, some suffixes can be added to indicate the plural in the case of human beings.
-tachi komodotachi (children)
-ra kodomora (children)
-gata (honorific) senseigata (professors)
2. Case - The case of nouns is usually indicated with particles. See Lesson 2: Particles.
3. Gender - Nouns have no gender.
4. Form nouns - There are several nouns which have no concrete meaning and are always used in phrase, preceded by modifiers. These are called form nouns; the most important ones are: koto, tame, mono, wake, hō, tokoro, toki, mae, ato, etc.
koto Mada tabeta koto ga arimasen. (I have never tasted it.)
tame Daigaku ni hairu tame ni benkyō shite imasu.(I am studying in order to enter college.)
mono Sonna koto o iu mono ja arimasen. (You should not say such a thing.)
Pronouns
1. The following is the list of the most commonly used pronouns:
3. Pronouns are not used as frequently in Japanese as in English. They are left out when understood from the context.
Lizzy: Hattori san, kimashita ka? (Did Mr. Hattori came?
Babu: Ee, kimashita. (Yes, he did.)
Other terms used as pronouns
1. Personal names are often used instead of pronouns
Hattori san mo ikimasu ka? (Are you going, too? - said to Hattori san)
Kore, Takagi san no deshō? (Isn't it yours? - said to Takagi, familiar)
2. Nouns indicating position or status are also being used instead of pronouns.
Okusan mo ikimasu ka? (Are you going, too? - said to someone's wife)
Shachō wa dochira ni osumai desu ka? (Where do you live? - said to director of a company)
3. Kinship terms are also used instead of pronouns.
Otōsan mo iku? (Are you going, too? - said to one's father)
KOTD:
湖 (kanji) みずうみ (Reading/Kana) mizuumi (Romaji) Lake (English)
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